National Interest Studies

Abstract Jan Foran believes that the Shiite clergy of the Safavid era was a part of the ruling body, which later gradually distanced itself from the government, and during the Qajar era, it was inclined to the people and mixed with the market class, but in the Pahlavi era, due to the high amount of funds and receipts. It gets rich from marketers. He believes that during the era of the last Safavid kings, the clergy with the position of Shaykh al-Islami Mullah Muhammad Baqir Majlesi directly controlled the ruling body, however, during the tobacco movement, he condemned the reconciliation that was canceled in another Privileges granted to outsiders are neglected and in the constitutional revolution, he accuses clerics of divergence. Therefore, this research aims to give an appropriate answer to the question of why Foran reached such a point of view in his analysis of the clergy while using the analytical descriptive method while criticizing Foran's views

Abstract