National Interest Studies

Abstract The foreign policy of any country concerning the developments of other countries, both regional and global, is based on national interests. Each country, however, defines its national interests based on temporal and spatial requirements. At the beginning of the third millennium, Russia has defined its national interests to confront the West, reproduce Russia's power in the world, influence in various global and regional regions, and so on. The central question and purpose of this study is Russia's approach to Iran's nuclear program. In the analysis of this question, the influential components of Russia's foreign policy, especially in the nuclear issue in the last two decades, such as Putin's personality, confrontation with Americanism in the world, preventing the nuclearization of southern Russia, etc. have been mentioned. On the other hand, in the context of neo-realism, elements such as the anarchy of the international system, the need for multilateralism at the international level, new security in the region and global action with the crisis of other countries have been considered.

Abstract The outbreak of the Covid-19 epidemic in the Year 2020 has caused unpredictable and new problems and challenges in the domain of world politics and international relations, and has forced the governments to take steps in direction of reviewing and rewriting their domestic and foreign policies; therefore with consideration to the outcomes of the states’ initiatives in this regard and on the strength of the viewpoints of the most scientists in the field of international relations, re-reading of nationalism has gained momentum, especially by the same governments. The question that arises is that “What consequences will the re-reading of nationalism raised from the post-corona World, have in the governments’ functions in international and domestic relations?” The governments have a nationalistic function and have found a desire toward authoritarianism in the domestic domain, in the post-corona world. The main objective of this work is to observe the formation and gravitation of the world governments toward nationalistic approaches in the post-corona world in a comprehensive and detailed way. The authors of this research, by using the descriptive-analytical method, concluded that the effects of nationalistic approaches of the governments in the post-Corona world can be evaluated by analyzing its domestic and international effects.

Abstract Smart Power, as a strategy to challenge hard and soft power theories, considering Joseph Nye's Ernest Wilson Doctrine, redefined by Joe Biden and his team as a US foreign policy strategy to maintain US hegemony based on the Nye Doctrine With its global and regional rivals including China as an economic threat, Russia as a military threat and the Islamic Republic of Iran as a regional threat. Accordingly, the article seeks to define and explain smart power in US foreign policy, especially Joe Biden, to redefine it by considering another along with hard and soft power, that is, smart target, smart strategy in US foreign policy. Using the descriptive-analytical method and library study method, the present study has tried to answer this question: what is the power of intelligence in Joe Biden's foreign policy

Abstract The president, as the head of state, is overseen by the legislature and receives a reprimand from parliament if he/she makes a mistake in his decisions, or is interrogated and given the necessary explanations about his decisions or weaknesses in the government. The main question includes: what are the differences in the Iranian-American presidential system? This article seeks to prove the hypothesis that political systems have different characteristics due to their belonging to the structural dimension of government and as a result of the dominance of its logic, ‌concepts, and examples. The constitutional laws of Iran and the United States are also different from each other. The current research is done by the library method and descriptive-analytical.  

Abstract The Supreme Leader's approach to all issues such as foreign policy has originated from the principles of foreign policy in Islam, such as justice, monotheism, the principle of negation of way, and adherence to treaties. However, to advance these goals and axes, special behavioral patterns such as flexibility and contracting should be adopted by the requirements of time and place. The main purpose of the research is to examine the nature of the Supreme Leader's behavioral patterns in foreign policy, namely dignity, wisdom, and expediency in foreign policy. In analyzing this question, he addressed issues such as the autopsy of the concepts of dignity, expediency, and wisdom in foreign policy and its relation to nationalism, oppression, the spread of Islam, negotiation with enemies, heroic softness, national interests, regional power and influence, security, and national authority.

Abstract How national security interacts as a constant variable that governments seek to achieve and maintain primarily with freedom of expression and human rights as well as democracy is of great importance. Although many totalitarian governments have sought to restrict individual and social liberties under the pretext of maintaining national security, many other countries have relied on Articles 19, 20 and 21 of the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, including specific statements. Their writings and political actions have excluded the general inclusion of freedom of speech and political freedom that are necessary for democracy.

Abstract In international law and sociology, the crime of deportation and extradition of criminals is governed by principles and rules that have been accepted all over the world, and the expulsion and extradition of criminals have been a long-standing issue in international law. The European Court of Human Rights, as a judicial body of the European Convention on Human Rights, has ruled in favor of some of these conflicts of opinion. Accordingly, in the present paper, the impact of human rights enshrined in the European Convention on Human Rights on the issue of deportation and extradition of offenders has been examined in the proceedings of the member states of this convention with regard to the rulings of the Court of Human Rights. Although all deterrent measures, however, are taken against perpetrators to prevent them from fleeing to other countries and prosecuting them, in many cases, criminals flee the country in which they committed the crime in various ways after committing the crime and before it was discovered.