National Interest Studies

Abstract Secularism in the Opinion of Western Thinkers
Dr. Abdul Rahman Alem
Reza Nasiri
Abstract:
Although concepts such as secularization, mundane and worldly have similar meaning, there are some differences between them. However, the secularization has three characteristics: 1) decline in the role of religion to give meaning to the social sphere, 2) structural difference: there is a distinction between religious institutions and worldly institution, 3) transition from religious behavior and perception to worldly one. The secularism is inseparable from modernity. Modernity is a culture and religion and not similar to geography and history. Western modernization is so powerful to make everything similar to itself. So, divine religions would be faced with challenges by expansion of modernization. Secularism acknowledges the religion in the society, but it insists on its principles: 1) the religion has to be separable from politics and government 2) the religion has to acknowledge the exclusive authority of natural science, 3) the religion doesn’t have to rule over the people.
Key Words: Secularism, Worldly, Modernity, Postmodernity

Abstract The Impact of New US Security Doctrine on Arm Race among Arab states of the Persian Gulf
Dr.Masoud Motallebi
Kamjo Rahmani
Abstract:
The security has been transformed in the globalization era. In fact, the complexities of security have increased. These complexities include the decline of states' security, the role of regional and transnational actors in security, and the importance of economic and cultural security. Given these conditions and certain characteristics of the Persian Gulf, the US security policy was transformed in the Persian Gulf. This policy adopted based on the role of regional states in security and balance of power, reform of the free market, institution, advanced education, active media, the rule of law and gradual democracy. This policy has also several features include the sale of conventional weapons to pro Western countries, to prevent regional states to acquire weapons of mass destruction and good relations with regional Arab states.
Kew Words: United States, Security, Persian Gulf, Iran, Arms

Abstract The Study of the relationship between Iran and Azerbaijan; Challenges and Opportunity
Dr. Seyyed Asadolah Athary
 
Abstract:
The relations between countries relies on economic, security ,geog raphical and cultural circumstances. Although, the status of these factors undergos a change in the globalization era, it is not true to say these factors have no impact on relations between two countries. Iran and Azerbaijan, as neighbors, have cultural, historical, religious commons. Nevertheless, the relations between two countries have faced certain challenges. These challenges could be evaluated in domestic, regional and global levels. The challenges include mutual mistrust and pessimism, the legal regime of the Caspian Sea, economic predica-
ments, the meddling of regional countries especially Turkey, Israel regime, Caucasus issue and the influence of great powers such as the US and Russia.
Key Words: Azerbaijan, Iran, International System, Oil, Pan Turkism

Abstract The Approach of Government to New Middle Class in Islamic Republic of Iran (1989-2005)
Dr.Hasan majidi
Mohmmad Rostam Por
Abstract:
The article deal with relations between the government and middle class in era of post Iran-Iraq war. The main question of the article is: what is the impact of post war government’s policies on the middle class? And what approach has the middle class adopted to post war government?The hypothesis of the article is: the policies of post war governments, personality of Iranian presidents, the impact of deve-
lopment plans and globalization would lead to vacillated relations between government and middle class. In Iran, oil revenues, personal characteristics and globalization influence the government’s approach to middle class. Nevertheless, different personality of Iranian presi-
dents and global developments encouraged President Hashemi Rafsanjani to revive new middle class and President Khatami to strengthen it.
Key Words: New Middle Class, Hashemi Rafsanjani, Khatami

Abstract Dr.Ghaffar Zarei[1]
Ghulam Abbas Fadaei Dolat [2]
Hasan Narimani[3]
 
Abstract:
The Middle East has become more critical in the 2010-2015 decade than ever before. This crisis has originated from issues such as the wave of democratization, increasing tensions between regional countries, ISIS and the Syrian crisis.  For this reason, relations as well as alliances and coalitions of regional countries have also undergone a transformation. One of these developments is the relationship between Saudi Arabia and the Zionist regime in recent years. The tactical proximity of Saudi Arabia as the axis of the Arab countries of the region and the Sunni world and the Zionist regime is of special importance. In this regard, we can mention the internal challenges of Saudi Arabia, increasing Iran's regional power, the crisis in Yemen, reducing Saudi regional influence, the Trump administration's pressure on Saudi officials, and so on. Of course, it should be said that the normalization of relations between Saudi Arabia and the Zionist regime is more tactical. Because the relations between the Zionist regime and Saudi Arabia cannot be considered strategic for reasons such as being the center of the Sunni world, Saudi Arabia is the main origin of extremism and anti-Zionist movements, the negative attitude of the Zionist leaders towards the Arab leaders.



[1] - Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Lamerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran, Corresponding Author, email: ghafarzarei@yahoo.com


[2] - PhD Student in Political Science, Lamerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lamerd, Iran, email: Ghadaei57@gmail.com


[3] - PhD Student, Political Science, Lamerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lamerd, Iran, email: Narmani.h1396@yahoo.com

Abstract