Human Rights and the Evolution of the Concept of Sovereignty (from Sovereignty as Immunity to Sovereignty as Responsibility)

Author

Associate Professor, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran

Abstract
How national security interacts as a constant variable that governments seek to achieve and maintain primarily with freedom of expression and human rights as well as democracy is of great importance. Although many totalitarian governments have sought to restrict individual and social liberties under the pretext of maintaining national security, many other countries have relied on Articles 19, 20 and 21 of the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, including specific statements. Their writings and political actions have excluded the general inclusion of freedom of speech and political freedom that are necessary for democracy.

Keywords