National Interest Studies

Abstract

Abstract Malek Zolghadr[1]
Abolghasem Najafi[2]
 
Abstract:
Iran's foreign policy strategy towards Iraq after the fall of Saddam has been influenced by various factors, including geography, religion, economy and axis of resistance. Given the US occupation of Iraq, the decline of established government and the army, the particular attitude of the regional countries gradually led to an increase in Iran's regional and global influence in the new Iraq. After the fall of Saddam, Iran's foreign policy in Iraq, on the one hand, shaped security in Iraq, because after Saddam and the fall of the Ba'athist army, the security crisis spread in Iraq. Iran has played a key role in shaping Iraq's new security, including hardware and software security. But on the other hand, the involvement of other regional countries, such as Saudi Arabia, has led to new security crises in Iraq. In fact, Iran's policy in Iraq has had paradoxical effects on national security. As the economic dimension and economic growth and the decline of extremist groups such as ISIS has had positive and capacity-building effects, but in other dimensions such as the support of Iran's regional rivals for the insurgency in Iraq, the survival of extremist groups, authority of the central government have been challenged.
 



[1] Assistant Professor and Faculty Member, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran, Corresponding Author, email: Malek_Zolghader@yahoo.com.


[2] M.Sc. Student, Political Science, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan , Iran

Abstract Scientific Discourse Developments in the Fourth Quarter of the Islamic Republic of Iran with an Emphasis on National Interest
Dr.Ebrahim Abbassi
Mehrsa Majdi
Abstract:
Iran has particular complexities, characteristics and certain condi-tion, including strong religious tradition and reproduction of religious values in the globalization era. Therefore, the majority of intellectuals talk about the challenge between tradition and modernity and a gap in the discourse of modernity in Iran. The viewpoints of recent Iranian intellectuals could be categorized in two groups after secularization in Iran: mundane thoughts and worldly thoughts. The discourse of worl-dly intellectuals shows the harmony between religion and world, func-tional attitudes toward religion, the privatization of religion and multi-level attitude towards Islam. The attitude of intellectuals toward secul-arization has structural problems. The secularization needs approp-riate conditions that don’t shape because of religion’s power and min-dset of Iranians. The secularization has suffered from the lack of strong philosophical, religious and social backgrounds. Social and political development indicate a change in the functions of theocracy because of introduction of religious doctrines to the field of politics and execution. Religion is dominant discourse in social, political, personal, cultural and economic sphere. Moreover, it has shaped behavioral, behavioral, mental, and occult pattern of religious Iranians and their all episteme-ological layers.
Key Words:Iran, Secularization, Epistemology, Intellectuals, Globa-lization
 

Abstract The Impact of New US Security Doctrine on Arm Race among Arab states of the Persian Gulf
Dr.Masoud Motallebi
Kamjo Rahmani
Abstract:
The security has been transformed in the globalization era. In fact, the complexities of security have increased. These complexities include the decline of states' security, the role of regional and transnational actors in security, and the importance of economic and cultural security. Given these conditions and certain characteristics of the Persian Gulf, the US security policy was transformed in the Persian Gulf. This policy adopted based on the role of regional states in security and balance of power, reform of the free market, institution, advanced education, active media, the rule of law and gradual democracy. This policy has also several features include the sale of conventional weapons to pro Western countries, to prevent regional states to acquire weapons of mass destruction and good relations with regional Arab states.
Kew Words: United States, Security, Persian Gulf, Iran, Arms

Abstract The Study of the relationship between Iran and Azerbaijan; Challenges and Opportunity
Dr. Seyyed Asadolah Athary
 
Abstract:
The relations between countries relies on economic, security ,geog raphical and cultural circumstances. Although, the status of these factors undergos a change in the globalization era, it is not true to say these factors have no impact on relations between two countries. Iran and Azerbaijan, as neighbors, have cultural, historical, religious commons. Nevertheless, the relations between two countries have faced certain challenges. These challenges could be evaluated in domestic, regional and global levels. The challenges include mutual mistrust and pessimism, the legal regime of the Caspian Sea, economic predica-
ments, the meddling of regional countries especially Turkey, Israel regime, Caucasus issue and the influence of great powers such as the US and Russia.
Key Words: Azerbaijan, Iran, International System, Oil, Pan Turkism

Abstract Dr.Ghaffar Zarei[1]
Ghulam Abbas Fadaei Dolat [2]
Hasan Narimani[3]
 
Abstract:
The Middle East has become more critical in the 2010-2015 decade than ever before. This crisis has originated from issues such as the wave of democratization, increasing tensions between regional countries, ISIS and the Syrian crisis.  For this reason, relations as well as alliances and coalitions of regional countries have also undergone a transformation. One of these developments is the relationship between Saudi Arabia and the Zionist regime in recent years. The tactical proximity of Saudi Arabia as the axis of the Arab countries of the region and the Sunni world and the Zionist regime is of special importance. In this regard, we can mention the internal challenges of Saudi Arabia, increasing Iran's regional power, the crisis in Yemen, reducing Saudi regional influence, the Trump administration's pressure on Saudi officials, and so on. Of course, it should be said that the normalization of relations between Saudi Arabia and the Zionist regime is more tactical. Because the relations between the Zionist regime and Saudi Arabia cannot be considered strategic for reasons such as being the center of the Sunni world, Saudi Arabia is the main origin of extremism and anti-Zionist movements, the negative attitude of the Zionist leaders towards the Arab leaders.



[1] - Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Lamerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran, Corresponding Author, email: ghafarzarei@yahoo.com


[2] - PhD Student in Political Science, Lamerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lamerd, Iran, email: Ghadaei57@gmail.com


[3] - PhD Student, Political Science, Lamerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lamerd, Iran, email: Narmani.h1396@yahoo.com

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Abstract The foreign policy of any country concerning the developments of other countries, both regional and global, is based on national interests. Each country, however, defines its national interests based on temporal and spatial requirements. At the beginning of the third millennium, Russia has defined its national interests to confront the West, reproduce Russia's power in the world, influence in various global and regional regions, and so on. The central question and purpose of this study is Russia's approach to Iran's nuclear program. In the analysis of this question, the influential components of Russia's foreign policy, especially in the nuclear issue in the last two decades, such as Putin's personality, confrontation with Americanism in the world, preventing the nuclearization of southern Russia, etc. have been mentioned. On the other hand, in the context of neo-realism, elements such as the anarchy of the international system, the need for multilateralism at the international level, new security in the region and global action with the crisis of other countries have been considered.

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Abstract The president, as the head of state, is overseen by the legislature and receives a reprimand from parliament if he/she makes a mistake in his decisions, or is interrogated and given the necessary explanations about his decisions or weaknesses in the government. The main question includes: what are the differences in the Iranian-American presidential system? This article seeks to prove the hypothesis that political systems have different characteristics due to their belonging to the structural dimension of government and as a result of the dominance of its logic, ‌concepts, and examples. The constitutional laws of Iran and the United States are also different from each other. The current research is done by the library method and descriptive-analytical.  

Abstract The Supreme Leader's approach to all issues such as foreign policy has originated from the principles of foreign policy in Islam, such as justice, monotheism, the principle of negation of way, and adherence to treaties. However, to advance these goals and axes, special behavioral patterns such as flexibility and contracting should be adopted by the requirements of time and place. The main purpose of the research is to examine the nature of the Supreme Leader's behavioral patterns in foreign policy, namely dignity, wisdom, and expediency in foreign policy. In analyzing this question, he addressed issues such as the autopsy of the concepts of dignity, expediency, and wisdom in foreign policy and its relation to nationalism, oppression, the spread of Islam, negotiation with enemies, heroic softness, national interests, regional power and influence, security, and national authority.

Abstract

Abstract Dr. Ebrahim Motaghi
Airaj Mohammadzadah

Abstract:
The globalization and information age has had different implications for all countries.These implications for developing countries such as Iran have been different in comparison with other countries. Given internal, regional and global conditions like cultural, media, economic and technological power, the globalization has had a security impact on countries. The globalization has had hard and soft impact on Iran. Regarding to security elements of globalization in Iran, the authors would analyze issues such as cyber war, identity crisis, media war, soft power, bioterrorism, ethical crisis, extremism and overthrow.
Key Words: Security,Globalization, Iran, Human Rights, Soft Power

Abstract The Analysis of Syrian Crisis (2004-2018) and the Islamic Republic of Iran’s Interest
Mohsen Sadegi
Dr. Mohsen Jalilvand
Abstract:
Since the past, US has adopted different security approaches towards the Middle East, including Iran. The security approaches resulted from a geopolitical condition of Iran, Persian Gulf, the role of energy, Israel, extremism in the region and Russia security approach. The US has pursued various security approaches towards Iran such as cooperation and confrontation. These approaches included the lack of commu-nism’s influence in Iran, two pillar policy, dual containment, security convergence with the Persian Gulf countries against Iran, Iran phobia and Shia crescent. The US doesn’t understand Iran’s realities because of its security approach, and consequently, it has an impact on tension between Iran and the US.
Key Words: Security, Iran, US, Dual Containment, Persian Gulf

Abstract The Analysis of Factors Affecting Iran-Saudi Divergence in 2012-2018 with Emphasis on National Interest
Reza Nasiri
Mohammad Bagher Farhand
Abstract:
The competition and confrontation between Iran and Saudi Arabia comes back to past several decades, the First Pahlavi era.
Since Arab Spring in the Middle East, the regional confrontation between two traditional poles of the Middle East, Iran and Saudi Arabia as two regional powers with different political approach has spread their influence in the region, has been increased. The confron-tation between Iran and Saudi Arabia considered as a key factor in security perspective of the Middle East such as security in the Persian Gulf, Arab-Israel conflict and Yemen crisis.
Key Words: Iran, Saudi Arabia, Middle East, Convergence, Diverg-ence